Framework: NIST 800-53 Audio Course

System Backup (CP-9) ensures that critical information, configurations, and software are copied and stored securely to enable rapid recovery after data loss or corruption. For exam purposes, understand that CP-9 defines what data must be backed up, how often, where it resides, and how it is protected. The control mandates that backup media be encrypted, labeled, tested for restorability, and retained according to policy. It also emphasizes segregation between production and backup storage, preventing a single event from destroying both. The objective is to maintain reliable, current recovery copies that align with mission recovery time and recovery point objectives.

Operationally, CP-9 involves scheduled automated backups, secure replication across geographic zones, and periodic restoration testing. Backup catalogs track version history and location for each dataset. Offline and immutable backups defend against ransomware and unauthorized deletion. Evidence includes backup job logs, encryption configurations, storage inventories, and restoration test reports. Metrics such as backup success rate, restoration success rate, and time to restore critical systems quantify program health. Pitfalls include incomplete backups, unverified encryption, and untested restore procedures. By implementing CP-9 as a continuous control rather than a one-time configuration, organizations achieve true resilience through verified recoverability.
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